Abstract: This study explores how social determinants of health (SDHs), the non-medical factors that influence a person’s health and wellbeing, also impact exercise behaviors and chronic health conditions such as cancer in dogs. We used owner-provided zip codes along with survey data to evaluate if owners with higher incomes, education levels, and increased access to healthcare services positively influenced their dog’s health outcomes. We used all 3044 Golden Retriever owner-provided data from the first seven years of Golden Retriever Lifetime Study owner surveys. We built sixteen prediction models to assess the impact of twenty-three social determinants in Golden Retrievers with and without cancer. We assessed which factors had the biggest influence on the results, using a method that shows how much each factor matters. Consistently, economic factors, education, ethnicity, and health care access were identified as important variables. Furthermore, our results also highlight the need for future research to better understand how ethnicity interacts with other SDHs.